Author: 19 languages

Year in Languages 2025

19 languages
guess the city

Even if this blog has become once-a-year affair, I find it useful to post about my annual language adventures, as a reminder to self.

Because 2025 was an eventful year professionally, it seemed that no time was left for any proper language learning.

Still, looking back, some progress has been made, of which a short summary.

English

I kept to my routine learning English idiom, read, and did regular writing.

Polish

The hero of the year. I read several books, practised speaking with a colleague, and spoke Polish on a visit to Warsaw, where taxi drivers not only understood me, but started correcting my grammar, which is a good sign!

Latvian

I read many books, talked to plenty of people, gave some public talks, and started learning some cute idioms by heart.

French, Italian, Spanish

I read some books, spent some time in the three countries, and talked to people whenever I had an opportunity.

These three languages are solid. Like quality silverware that has been in the family possession for a long time, they can be taken out, polished, and voila, they are ready to shine again and to delight the audience.

Estonian

I read one book over the summer, with difficulties and with a dictionary, and feel that the language is slipping through my fingers.

I need to bring it to a higher level, or find a way to maintain it below the forgetting point.

German

I read one book, just to keep it up.

Ancient Greek and Latin

I read some texts in both, but not as many as I would have wanted.

For Latin, which is weaker, I need to spend some time to bring it up, too, so that to enjoy reading.

In July, I decided to develop a new habit: each month, learn one poem by heart.

By the end of the year, I learned six: one in English, one in Italian, one in Latvian, and three in Polish.

I found it both feasible and satisfying. Did this new habit make any difference for my language learning goals?

Not for English, Italian, or Latvian, in all of which I am fluent.

For Polish though, I think it helped me to gain confidence, learn several expressions, and get a better grasp of some grammar features.

I will continue with one poem a month in the next year, to make sure the habit sticks.

I have not started learning any new language in 2025 and although the temptation to start one in one in 2026 is great, and I have a prime candidate, I do not think it would be wise, not yet.

The reason of postponing this pleasure is that I am totally besotted with Polish.

I want to bring my Polish to a higher level, to the point of no return, to the level where I will not forget it, aka B2. This requires lots of input, practice, and time, and I plan to do so next year.

Year in Languages 2024

19 languages
Warsaw vibes

If this blog got abandoned in 2024, the same cannot be said about my language learning.

On the contrary, in 2024 I learned a new language from scratch – Polish.

On the 1st of January, in the afternoon, I sat down to my first Polish lesson. 

In March, I was chatting away with a Polish colleague. In May, I started reading my first Polish book.  In June, I went to Warsaw and spoke Polish to everyone who would listen – taxi drivers, shop assistants, restaurant waiters, colleagues, and people on the street. In November, I was speaking Polish from a stage.  By December, I had read four books in the original Polish.

Learning Polish has been my fastest language learning journey so far. I am enjoying it so much that in 2025 my main language goal is to continue improving Polish.

What about other languages?

It was a mixture of reading, speaking, and travelling.

I went on several trips abroad, including Austria, Greece, Estonia, Italy, Spain, and Poland, and spoke local languages everywhere. I read forty five books in 9 languages. 

English

In 2024, I continued learning English idioms, albeit less enthusiastically than in previous years. I got engrossed in Agatha Christie, discovered Poirot and his investigations, and have been watching the British mystery TV series “Poirot” ever since.

Estonian

Finally, and the first time since I had started learning Eastonian in 2020, I visited the country. 

My verdict? No problem understanding simple conversations and making myself understood. 

However, when a lady in a bookshop in Tallinn, upon hearing that I was learning Estonian and interested in Estonian literature, struck up a conversation, I had huge troubles to follow and reply.

Not a discouragement, but rather a reality check.

Ancient Greek

I finished Xenophon Anabasis, which I had started in 2023.

Italian

Books read, my little notebook of Italian phrases replenished, plenty of Italian spoken with colleagues, acquaintances, and on a trip to Italy.

Spanish 

Books read, two trips to Spain made, and plenty of Spanish spoken. 

Modern Greek

In autumn, I spent a week in Athens, and had plenty of language practice.

Latvian 

I read and read and read.

French

Read some books, spoke to people. 

Looking back, the year seems uneventful, but this is mainly due to the fact that in the first half of it I was actually learning a new language.

Year in Languages 2023

19 languages

Greece, ancient and modern

It is this time of year again! It’s time to take stock of the plans made and (not quite) kept in the matter of language learning.

My plans for 2023 were to improve my English, a Sisyphean task; to continue learning Estonian, and to revive my Latin.

The year turned out to be stressful and eventful, yet gave plenty of opportunities to practise multiple languages. 

I went on several trips abroad, including to Greece, Spain, and Germany, and spoke the local languages everywhere.

I visited two countries for the first time, Poland and Portugal, whose languages are on my wish list. 

I read over eighty books, in nine languages.

Thus, I am not displeased by the outcomes, even if things did not go according to the plan.

English

In 2023, I continued learning English idiomatic expressions, grouped by theme, and deliberately using them in speech and writing.

I started learning English idioms over three years ago. Last year, I noticed that I often had an  expression at my fingertips; this year, I am tickled pink when other people notice, too.

Estonian

In April 2023, I finished the second part of an Estonian online course, intended for intermediate learners. 

Multiple placement tests put me firmly in the B1 category, which is the danger zone of my language learning. Whenever I had learned a language to B1, and then did not use it for a while, it was gone. 

I did not want my hard earned Estonian to meet the same fate, hence, I made a plan.

My plan was to continue learning Estonian to B2 by listening to videos and reading books and articles. 

I did it for several months until September, and then stopped doing it systematically, partly because of my job and partly because I did not manage to go to Estonia nor buy any Estonian books. 

This is a lame excuse.

But reading literature has always been my favourite method to acquire a richer vocabulary and  understand grammar nuances.

Thus, to improve, I need to find a book and schedule a time slot or several slots a week. 

Latin

I had made grandiose plans to resuscitate my Latin and failed epicly. 

I finished only one book, Tacitus Germania, which took me over three months, reading on weekends and holidays. 

While reading it, I realised that Tacitus mentioned various Baltic tribes. Which other ancient historian mentioned Baltic tribes, I wondered, and went off on a tangent.

Ancient Greek

Which other ancient authors mention Baltic tribes? 

Herodotus, of course! I read all chapters where he mentions ancient inhabitants of the Baltics and continued reading about the geography and tribes on the territory of modern Ukraine.

I then carried on with Xenophon Anabasis, which I am still reading.

Perhaps, when I finish the book, I will return to Latin, but let’s not make grandiose plans again.

Italian

Latin is too hard, let’s do Italian. 

Six books read, plenty of Italian spoken with colleagues and acquaintances, and my little notebook of Italian phrases and useful vocabulary has been replenished. 

Chi va piano, va sano, va lontano (“slow and steady wins the race”).

Spanish 

Three books read, two trips to Spain made, and plenty of Spanish spoken. 

Slowly but hopefully steadily, I am stopping confusing Spanish and Italian (which I know to a higher level) and am getting confident enough to use Spanish in professional settings.

Modern Greek

The language surprise of the year.

In June, I went to Athens, after an almost 20 year hiatus. 

Back in the early 2000s, my knowledge of Modern Greek was a firm B1, good enough to casually chat with friends over mezedes and retsina.

Not to fall flat on my face during my June trip, in May I spent a month reviving my knowledge of Modern Greek.

I got an old copy of the Assimil method and read all the dialogues in it. I then reread them from the beginning, noting down some expressions I liked and that would be useful. I also watched three to five EasyGreek videos every evening for a month

In Athens, my knowledge was put on text the very next day, when I had to call a taxi and explain to the driver, all in Greek, where I was and where I needed to go. When he arrived, we talked in Greek all the way, and continued to do so for every single day.

I talked to the taxi drivers, restaurant owners and waiters, and even to some sympathetic Greek colleagues.

All in all, it was great fun and gave me a blueprint for refreshing any B1 language if need be.

Latvian 

I am fluent in Latvian but want to acquire richer means of expression. Therefore, I read. 

I made good use of the local library in my summer Latvian village and read seven books, including a bestselling novel Mātes piens (“Soviet milk”) by Nora Ikstena. 

French

I am also fluent in French, but right now, I have zero ambition for the language.

Still, I read four books in French, all of them translations from Polish, which gives you a hint as to which language I want to learn next.

Between three seas

19 languages

mare nostrum

I am very fond of the sea. 

Of the Baltic sea, obviously, but also of the Mediterranean, less as a swimming pool (for that, I prefer colder water), but more as a geographical and linguistic area to explore.

Since I started learning languages in my early 20s, I decided to learn all major languages of the European Mediterranean.

I have learnt many of them, starting from Latin: Italian, French, Spanish, and Modern Greek. 

Portuguese is the largest gap remaining, but it is on my to-do list; and Catalan is on my wish list.

However, recent geopolitical events have been shifting the centre of power towards the east of Europe. Thus,I have been toying with the idea of learning all major languages of the Baltic and the Black seas. 

For the Baltic sea region, I already know Latvian, Russian, German, and Estonian. If I add Polish and Swedish, as is my plan, I am almost there. Finnish is too similar to Estonian, perhaps I would pass. But after having learned Estonian, learning Lithuanian is becoming increasingly appealing, to get all three Baltic languages under my belt.

Now, to the Black sea region. Ukrainian is a must, and adding Bulgarian, a Slavic language, and Romanian, a Romance one, should not be too difficult.

Intermarium, meaning “between seas”, was an idea to unite the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth lands stretching from the Baltic sea in the north to the Black and Mediterranean seas in the south, developed by a Polish statesman Józef Piłsudski in the aftermath of WWI.  The idea did not materialise then, for a variety of reasons, but an idea to build a regional alliance along the similar geographical lines is seeing a revival recently. 

For my part, I find the idea attractive. The countries in the region would benefit from closer cooperation, better mutual knowledge, and strategic alignment on critical issues. They will also be better heard on the global stage if they speak up and defend their interests together.

So, in my language-focused mind, I am now pondering about learning all the languages of the Intermarium. This basically means resuscitating my forgotten Hungarian and adding some Croatian, Slovakian, and Slovenian, all Slavic languages. 

How hard can it be?

My Estonian plan

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seat of learning

My project of learning Estonian has reached a new milestone.

In April 20023, I finished the second instalment of an Estonian online course, intended for intermediate learners.

My adventure to learn Estonian began in early 2020, when I signed up for a free online course for beginners, Keeleklikk. 

The course is sponsored by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Science and the European Social Fund. Over the years, it has apparently enrolled over 50 thousand learners. 

The course is free of charge, but the Ministry pays real teachers to correct learners’ homework and act like penpals.

It took me a year to complete it. In early 2021, I passed the final exam, got a certificate, and immediately started its sequel, Keeletee, with which I spent two years.

This time, there was no certificate to obtain. Instead, my pen-pal teachers have sent me links to language resources for further study.

This was a welcome development, because the question beckons: What’s next? 

For the last three years, the course provided the structure for my Estonian learning. 

I did take breaks in summer, to focus on alternative materials: a radio show about tricky grammar, an old self-study manual, and books. 

I have also started listening to the speeches of the Estonian Prime Minister Kaja Kallas, who speaks beautifully on the topics of interest.

These additional resources complemented the course nicely. But the course was the main tool.

But now, how do I organise and structure my Estonian learning from now on?

I took several online placement tests, which firmly put me in the B1 category.

In language learning, however, it is B2 that indicates the point of no return. After reaching B2, forgetting a foreign language is hard.

That matches my experience. Whenever I have learned a language to B2 or higher, even if I do not use it for years, it is still there. But when I have learned a language to a lower level, such as B1, and then did not use it for a while, it is gone.

I have worked consistently over three years learning Estonian, I am enjoying it immensely, and I do not want my hard work to be thrown to the wind.

I am still considering various options, but for now my plan is to focus on three things.

First, listening. I listen to the Estonian government press-conferences weekly, watch my favourite Estonian animation repeatedly, and listen to Estonian songs now and then. 

Second, reading articles and books. 

This is most straightforward and pleasurable. Reading books in the original has always been my strong motivation to learn any language; Estonian is no exception. 

Estonia being a pioneer of all things digital, the Estonian Literature Center runs a comprehensive website about Estonian literature, which is a treasure trove for book lovers. 

Third, paying another visit to Estonia to buy books and practise the language.

However, as they say, kui inimene plaanib, siis Jumal naerab (“when human plans, god laughs”), an Estonian version of homo proponit, sed Deus disponit (“human proposes but god disposes)”.

I will report in due course how it goes with my Estonian plan.

Reading geography

19 languages

Spanish letters

I am late to the party. It took me over 10 years to discover a 2012 project by Ann Morgan to read a book from every country in the world. She had realised that she was reading mainly English and North American writers, and decided to remedy the situation by finding and reading one book from every country, in English translation.

The list of book suggestions made my mouth water. It also made me think: what about my own reading geography? 

I read in different languages, that’s for sure. But from which countries do these books originate?

I decided to do a quick breakdown by the author’s country of my readings, mainly in the originals, but some in translation.

English. The UK and US are obviously well represented. But what about other English-speaking countries?

I have read a couple of authors from Canada and Ireland; one British author born in South Africa and another of Ugandan descent.

But: nobody from the Indian subcontinent, nor English-speaking African countries, nor Australia  and New Zealand…

French. Authors from France and Belgium. That’s it. No francophone Africa, North or West! 

Spanish. The widest geographical representation. Authors from Spain (obviously), but also from Argentina, Chile, Columbia, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay.

German. Obviously Germany, Switzerland, and Austria, and an eccentric selection of authors born in other countries but writing in German: Georgia, Japan, Russia, and Turkey.

Latvian. Writers from Latvia.

Russian. Russia, but also books written in Russian by authors from Armenia, Israel, and Ukraine.

Three languages are straightforward.

I read writers from Czechia in Czech, from Italy in Italian, and from Estonia in Estonian.

Greek. It ‘s all Ancient Greek to me! I have not read a single book by a contemporary Greek or Cypriot author!!!

Translations

I rarely read in translation, so the list is pretty short.

I have read books translated into English from Croatian, Hebrew, Hungarian, and Japanese; into French from Polish and Japanese; into Russian from Hungarian, Japanese, Georgian, Kyrgyz, Norwegian, and Swedish; and into Latvian from Hungarian and Japanese.

After looking at this breakdown, time to draw conclusions.

Unexpectedly, the most broadly read continent, by far, is the Americas! I have read books by authors from the US, Canada, and many Latin American countries.

Brazil is the only major gap, but that is because I intend to learn Portuguese and read in the original.

Breakdown by country in Europe is predictable. Whenever I know the language, I read authors from the countries where it is used. The exceptions are rare and confirm the rule. 

Hence, almost total absence of Scandinavian, Balkan, and Central and Eastern European writers. 

What to do about it? I will definitely learn Polish, so Polish authors can wait till then. Same for Portuguese. I envisage to learn one Scandinavian language, perhaps Swedish, so they can wait as well. 

For the rest, I will need to decide, and it will depend. After Estonian, learning Lithuanian suddenly seems so appealing, to be able to converse in all three Baltic languages. I toy with the idea of learning one South Slavic language, but which?

Last not least, Ukrainian literature is amazing, its history is fascinating, and the future of Ukraine is critical for humanity – I should at least learn enough language to read.

For Asia, my reading focuses on three regions. First, Japan, where I have lived, learned the basics of language, and intend to learn properly one day.

Second, Israel, in excellent English translations from Hebrew and some authors writing in Russian.

Third, Caucasus and Central Asia. This particular regional interest may sound unusual but it is not, if you consider that these regions and the Baltics were once part of the Russian and Soviet Empire, which has led to a fair amount of post-colonial solidarity and mutual interest after we regained our independence.

I have no particular interest in other Asian regions right now, but time will tell.

Finally, the glaring absence in my reading geography is Africa. Given that many African writers write in English or French, this gap is probably the easiest to close.

Back to Latin

19 languages1 Comment

Roman history alive

Each year, my goal is to focus on three languages of the eponymous nineteen. 

This does not mean that I am to use only these three. 

My life is multilingual by default. Every day, I use on average five different languages, depending on time, place and activities.

But each year, I chose to deliberately engage with three languages, by spending time and effort improving my knowledge and understanding.

The first language for continuous improvement is English. English is my bread and butter, and I always strive to improve it.

The second is a language I am actively learning. In 2023, I am continuing with Estonian, which I started in early 2020. I follow an online course, watch videos, and read articles.

But which language will be number three? After some soul searching, I decided on Latin.

Why on earth Latin? 

First, Latin is a powerful and precise language. It is highly synthetic, using suffixes and endings to indicate grammatical categories. Reading a Latin sentence is like assembling a puzzle piece by piece. I learned some Latin at university, but my knowledge got rusty and needs brushing up.

Second, I came to think that one should never learn two similar languages at once, nor one after another. Latin, being an Indo-European synthetic language, is extremely different from Estonian, which is a Finno-Ugric agglutinative. No risk of confusion here! 

Third, Tacitus. I want to improve my Latin because I want to read more Tacitus, who is one of my favourite Latin authors ever, by far. 

Tacitus is also notoriously difficult, due to his compact syntax. I have read Agricola several times, and have just read Germania. Every time I am in awe of his ability to balance depth of thought with brevity of expression.

He wrote about his own period, Roman history, but his texts sound surprisingly modern today.

Year in Languages 2022

19 languages

two flags and two languages

In French, the period between Christmas and New Year is known as la trêve des confiseurs, “the confectioners’ truce”, when many people fall into a festive lull.

For others, especially those like myself who do not care about confectionery, it’s time to take stock.

For 2022, I had set myself three lofty language goals: improving English, continuing learning Estonian, and bringing my Modern Greek to an upper intermediate level. 

But in early 2022, life brought corrections to this plan. I had to scrap Modern Greek, and decided to read in French instead, as an easy way out.

So, how did it go?

Spoiler alert: not according to the plan.

English

In 2022, I continued learning idiomatic expressions, grouped by theme, and deliberately using them in speech and writing. 

On a whim, I decided to read Jane Austen, and surprisingly for myself, I liked it so much that I read every single novel of hers, watched multiple film adaptations, and even followed some YoutTube channels dedicated to her and other female writers of the period. 

On a second whim, I read Agatha Christie, also someone I had never read before, and found her Poirot novels much to my taste. A friend mentioned David Souchet’s Poirot interpretation, I looked it up, and I was conquered, hook, line, and sinker.

I have mixed feelings about my progress, finding it too slow, but then keep repeating to myself, that slow and steady wins the race.

Estonian

Estonian was the second focus of 2022. I took an online intermediate course called Keeletee. 

I did not go to Estonia to practise and buy books, nor was I systematic in learning vocabulary. 

What I did improve, though, was my listening comprehension. I both did intensive listening to short videos in my course, and extensive listening to Kaja Kallas, Estonian Prime Minister, who is articulate, has a clear diction, and speaks about current hot topics at her press conferences. 

Finding an engaging learning material, something you are genuinely interested in, is key to successful language learning. For me, Estonian government press conferences tick all the right boxes, so I will stick with them for a while.

French

I read five books in French, got bored, and stopped. Lately, I have changed my approach and decided to focus on French idiomatic expressions I wish I had known in the heat of the moment. I need to let time do it work, donner du temps au temps, before seeing any results.

Spanish

Unexpectedly, this year I made a major breakthrough with my Spanish conversation. First, several Spanish friends came to visit, then I spent a week in Spain, and, finally, ended up speaking to different Spanish colleagues at various international events. Although the first interactions were always rusty, after a while of listening and mimicking, I would converse pretty comfortably and at times elegantly. It looks like I have reached the tipping point, where my passive knowledge has achieved a critical mass and somehow transformed itself into active knowledge. At least, I like to think so!

Czech

An extra bonus of the year was a trip to Prague. I did a quick refresher by listening to videos of Super Easy Czech and Easy Czech for a couple of weeks before the trip. When in Prague, my Czech was good enough to hold a basic conversation in the hotel, restaurant, or swimming pool. I bought some books and made a mental note to come back to Czech in the future.

Latvian

The local library in a Latvian village where I spend my summers has a good collection of Latvian Classical and contemporary writers, and I took full advantage of it. My Latvian is fluent, yet plain. Reading high quality literature has always been my favourite method to acquire a richer vocabulary; in due course, I trust to make good progress.

Russian

I read some books in Russian early in the year, but given what Russians are doing in Ukraine, I am off any Russian cultural or literary production for a long, long while.

Ancient Greek

I finished Selected speeches by Lysias over the summer, reading every day, and then stopped. 

In retrospect, I regret not carrying on after the holidays, something I had done in previous years, when I continued my morning Greek readings every single week-end, and progressed nicely. 

Latin

I started the year with a bang and read Tacitus Agricola. Tacitus is my favourite Latin author, and Agricola is a masterpiece. I plan to be more disciplined in 2023 with Latin reading, doing a passage every week-end and on holidays.

That’s a wrap!

Happy New Year, annum novum faustum felicem!

French without passion

19 languages

Michel Montaigne has something to say about passions

I had thought that in 2022, I would brush up my Modern Greek, but then life happened.

Not to abandon my carefully crafted plan to study three languages a year, I needed an easier option. I needed to choose a language that I can refresh or update without much effort. Thus an idea to read some French books came up. 

There was a hiccup, however. My relationship with French is a passionate romance that turned sour. Long gone are the days when I was begging to be accepted to a French phonetics class, learning French songs by heart, and bracing the cold to get to the médiathèque française to borrow French  books.

Mais où sont les neiges d’antan (“where is the snow of yesteryear?”)

This year, I willy-nilly read a couple of French novels, more out of duty than for fun, and said to myself that this approach was going nowhere. 

I, who would usually eagerly wait for the night to fall, to intimately engage with my Spanish, Italian, and even German novels, was looking for pretexts to do something else, anything really, rather than to read French romans. 

Is there anything at all I can do to improve my French and enjoy the process?

Deliberate learning is a well-known technique of identifying, isolating, and working on a single issue that you need to improve, and which will move the needle. 

I wanted to work on something that would give me the most bang for my bucks. 

My French pronunciation is passable. In any case, working on your phonetics is not much fun.

My grammar is reasonable. Besides, I adhere to the line of thought that the importance of grammar in achieving language fluency is exaggerated. 

But what about vocabulary? Hold on,  I really like phraseology: hearing a new idiom is music to my ears. 

I have been working steadily on my English idioms for three years now. Although I sometimes want to throw in the towel, my English has gradually become more idiomatic. I have been slowly acquiring flexibility, elegance, and effectiveness in expressing myself. 

Thus, I decided to make my French more idiomatic. More so, I decided to do comparative idioms in French versus English, which is right up my street.

I would start with English expressions that I actively use, and for which I do not know a French equivalent off the cuff. 

(How do they say “off the cuff” in French, by the way? “Sur le champs” is one option, I just checked. Others include “au pied levé”,  “spontanément”, and  “à l’improviste”).

For example, I comfortably and frequently use English idioms “lay the groundwork”, “mince your words”, or “not set in stone”, but needed to look up their French equivalents: “poser les jalons”, “mâcher ses mots”, and “pas gravé dans le marbre”.

The process would be that of deliberate learning: identify the gaps and work on filling them. Look up new French idiomatic expressions, learn them, and use them.

Let’s hope that this comparative phraseology approach rekindles some French passion.

A long hiatus

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blue and yellow

This blog went silent for almost a year.

A mixture of personal events happened last winter. I needed to deal with them as a matter of priority and had to put my language learning on ice.

Then, on 24 February, Russia invaded Ukraine, and I could not focus on anything else for a long while.

For me, like for many in the Baltics, this war matters, as the Ukrainians are fighting for their and for our freedom and survival. We must help them to win.

Ukrainian culture is one of the targets of this brutal war, together with civilian population, essential infrastructure, and environment. Books are burned. Libraries are destroyed. Museums are looted.

Before the war, I knew next to nothing about Ukrainian history and literature. Now, I have been educating myself, most notably, by following Timothy Snyder’s lectures on the history of Ukraine given at Yale and freely available online.

I am amazed by Ukrainian resilience in general, but also by the literary production, which did not stop during the war.

This poem by Lesyk Panasiuk particularly resonates with me.

Russian soldiers park a tank in our yard
break into the apartment
read our books not understanding Ukrainian English
Polish Belarusian Czech Latvian Romanian German
French Georgian Croatian Turkish Spanish
and even in Russian

It encapsulates the essence of this war: Ukrainian, European civilisation against Russian barbarity.

Below are some other recent Ukrainian poems translated into English.

Lesyk Panasiuk, In the hospital rooms of my country

Boris Khersonsky, They printed in the medical history

Ukrainian poetry from another era

“You’ve got to live somewhere you aren’t afraid to die.” Contemporary Ukrainian Poetry From Kharkiv

6 Ukrainian poems that capture a bold moment in contemporary poetry

Ukrainian Feature: Words for War